Delightful Festivals Must-Attend Events in Varanasi

Festivals Must-Attend Events in Varanasi , Have you ever wondered what it feels like when an entire city transforms into a living, breathing celebration? Varanasi, one of the world’s oldest continuously inhabited cities, doesn’t just host festivals—it becomes them. Every corner resonates with music, every ghat glows with lamps, and every street pulses with devotion during the city’s numerous festivals.

Known as Kashi, the City of Light, Varanasi celebrates spirituality through an extraordinary calendar of festivals and events. From massive spectacles drawing hundreds of thousands to intimate temple ceremonies, the city offers experiences that touch your soul and awaken your senses. This isn’t tourism—it’s transformation.

Whether you’re a spiritual seeker, culture enthusiast, photography lover, or simply someone craving authentic experiences, Varanasi’s festivals offer something profound. They’re windows into ancient traditions that have survived millennia, celebrations that connect heaven and earth, and moments when the divine feels remarkably close.

Dev Deepawali – The Festival of Lights

What is Dev Deepawali?

Imagine the entire length of the Ganges in Varanasi—every step, every ghat, every temple—illuminated with thousands upon thousands of earthen lamps. That’s Dev Deepawali, and it’s arguably the most spectacular sight you’ll ever witness. Celebrated fifteen days after Diwali on Kartik Purnima (the full moon of November), this festival is when the gods themselves are believed to descend to earth to bathe in the Ganges.

Unlike regular Diwali, which is celebrated across India, Dev Deepawali holds special significance in Varanasi. The city’s spiritual energy reaches its zenith as devotees light lakhs of diyas (oil lamps) along the ghats, creating a golden river of light that mirrors in the Ganges waters. It’s a sight so beautiful that even the most eloquent descriptions fall short.

The festival commemorates the victory of Lord Shiva over the demon Tripurasura, symbolizing the triumph of light over darkness, knowledge over ignorance. For locals, it’s the most auspicious time for a holy dip in the Ganges, believed to wash away sins and grant divine blessings.

When and How to Experience It

Dev Deepawali falls on the full moon day in November, with dates varying annually according to the lunar calendar. In 2025, expect it around mid-November. The main celebrations begin at sunset, around 5:30-6:00 PM, when the aarti ceremonies commence at major ghats.

Experiencing Dev Deepawali requires planning. The city swells with visitors—locals estimate over a million people converge on the ghats. Book accommodations at least 2-3 months in advance, and expect premium pricing during this period. Arrive at your chosen ghat by 4:00 PM to secure a decent viewing position.

The celebrations unfold in stages. First, individual devotees and families light diyas at their homes and local temples. Then, as evening descends, the massive synchronized lighting begins at the ghats. The main Ganga Aarti at Dashashwamedh Ghat becomes an even grander spectacle than usual, with additional priests, elaborate choreography, and heightened spiritual fervor.

Best Viewing Spots

Where should you position yourself to witness this magic? Dashashwamedh Ghat offers the most elaborate aarti ceremony but also attracts the biggest crowds. Arrive very early or consider booking a private boat for a water-based perspective—floating on the Ganges as thousands of lamps glow around you creates an otherworldly experience.

Assi Ghat provides a slightly calmer alternative with beautiful lighting and its own aarti ceremonies. The southern ghats, while less crowded, offer equally stunning views with the added advantage of seeing the entire illuminated cityscape stretching northward.

For photographers, rooftop restaurants and hotels along the ghats offer elevated perspectives. Book these spots months in advance—they’re among the most coveted viewpoints. Whatever you choose, bring patience, comfortable shoes, and an open heart. The crowds are part of the experience, testament to the festival’s magnetic pull.

Maha Shivaratri – The Great Night of Shiva

Significance of Maha Shivaratri in Varanasi

In a city where every stone whispers Shiva’s name, Maha Shivaratri becomes something transcendent. This is Shiva’s city—Kashi belongs to him—and on the night when Hindus worldwide honor the Lord of Destruction and Regeneration, Varanasi transforms into the epicenter of devotion.

Maha Shivaratri, falling in February or March, commemorates the night when Shiva performed the cosmic dance of creation, preservation, and destruction. For devotees, it’s the most auspicious night to seek Lord Shiva’s blessings, observe fasts, and stay awake in prayer and meditation.

In Varanasi, the festival’s significance multiplies. Legend says that on this night, Shiva and Parvati were married. The city’s thousands of Shiva temples, from the grand Kashi Vishwanath to tiny neighborhood shrines, burst with activity. The air vibrates with “Har Har Mahadev” and “Om Namah Shivaya” chants echoing through narrow lanes.

Temple Celebrations and Rituals

Temple celebrations begin days before with special pujas and decorations, but the main night is when the city truly comes alive. Devotees observe nirjala vrat (complete fast without water), breaking it only after the midnight abhishek (ritual bathing) of Shiva lingams.

At Kashi Vishwanath Temple, the crowds swell to hundreds of thousands. Special queues are organized, and the temple remains open all night. The darshan lines stretch for kilometers, but devotees wait patiently for a glimpse of the Jyotirlinga. Offerings of bel leaves, milk, honey, and water flow continuously onto the lingam throughout the night.

Smaller temples offer more intimate experiences. The Kedarnath Temple, Tilbhandeshwar Temple, and countless neighborhood shrines conduct their own ceremonies. Many sadhus and ascetics, normally reclusive, emerge during Shivaratri, making themselves accessible for blessings and spiritual discussions.

Traditional bhang (a preparation made from cannabis leaves, legal and religiously significant during Shivaratri) shops do brisk business. For Shiva devotees, consuming bhang in moderation is part of the celebration, helping them stay awake through the night in meditation.

Where to Participate

If you want to experience Kashi Vishwanath Temple, prepare for an all-night affair. The VIP darshan option, though expensive, saves hours of waiting. Alternatively, attending the morning aarti when crowds thin slightly offers a powerful experience without overwhelming chaos.

For a more manageable but equally spiritual experience, visit smaller temples like Trilochan Temple or Mrityunjay Mahadev Temple. These ancient shrines offer genuine devotional atmospheres without impossible crowds. Many conduct beautiful abhishek ceremonies and kirtans (devotional singing) throughout the night.

The ghats also host special celebrations. Manikarnika Ghat and Harishchandra Ghat, the cremation ghats, hold particular significance on Shivaratri—death loses its sting in Kashi, and these places of transition take on added meaning during Shiva’s festival.

Ganga Mahotsav – Celebrating the Sacred River

Overview of Ganga Mahotsav

While religious festivals honor deities, Ganga Mahotsav celebrates Varanasi’s soul—the river herself. This five-day cultural extravaganza, typically held in November, showcases the city’s artistic heritage through music, dance, theater, and more, all performed against the spectacular backdrop of the Ganges.

Organized by the Uttar Pradesh Tourism Department, Ganga Mahotsav isn’t ancient like other festivals discussed here, but it has become a cornerstone of Varanasi’s cultural calendar. It’s where tradition meets contemporary artistry, where classical performers and folk artists share stages, and where the city proudly displays its cultural wealth to the world.

The festival embodies Varanasi’s essence—sacred yet celebratory, ancient yet vibrant, spiritual yet artistic. It’s less about religious rituals and more about cultural celebration, making it accessible and enjoyable for visitors of all backgrounds.

Cultural Performances and Events

Each evening brings performances at various ghats, with Dashashwamedh Ghat hosting the main stage. Classical music concerts feature renowned maestros performing ragas under the stars. Kathak and other classical dance forms unfold on specially constructed stages, with the illuminated ghats providing a stunning backdrop.

Folk performances showcase Uttar Pradesh’s diverse cultural traditions—Nautanki theater, folk songs, rural dances, and traditional storytelling. Craft exhibitions display Varanasi’s famous Banarasi silk weaving, along with other regional handicrafts. Visitors can watch artisans at work and purchase authentic products.

The festival includes boat races, where traditional boats compete in friendly competition on the Ganges. Food stalls offer Varanasi’s famous street food and regional delicacies. Photography exhibitions capture the city’s essence, while panel discussions explore topics related to Ganga conservation and cultural preservation.

Duration and Schedule

Ganga Mahotsav typically runs for five consecutive days in November, with exact dates announced by the tourism department a few weeks in advance. Daily programs begin around 5:00 PM with smaller events and performances at various ghats, building toward the main evening program starting around 7:00 PM.

Admission is generally free, though some special performances might require tickets. The festival’s democratic spirit means anyone can attend and enjoy world-class performances. The schedule is published on the UP Tourism website and at hotel reception desks throughout the city.

Unlike religious festivals requiring specific ritual participation, Ganga Mahotsav is spectator-friendly. Come as you are, find a spot at the ghat, and immerse yourself in the cultural feast unfolding before you.

Dussehra – Victory of Good Over Evil

Dussehra Celebrations in Varanasi

Dussehra, celebrating Lord Rama’s victory over the demon king Ravana, finds unique expression in Varanasi. The ten-day festival in September or October brings the ancient epic Ramayana to life through elaborate Ramleela performances staged across the city.

Varanasi’s Dussehra celebrations blend religious devotion with theatrical spectacle. The festival culminates on Vijayadashami, when massive effigies of Ravana, his brother Kumbhakarna, and son Meghnad are ceremonially burned, symbolizing the destruction of evil. The night sky lights up with fireworks, and crowds roar their approval as the towering figures collapse in flames.

But Varanasi’s Dussehra is more than just the final day—it’s about the entire journey. Devotees observe navratri (nine nights) leading up to Dussehra with fasting, prayer, and goddess worship. The city’s Durga temples, particularly the famous Durga Kund Temple, become centers of intense devotional activity.

Ramleela Performances

The Ramleela—dramatic reenactments of Rama’s life—are Varanasi’s soul during Dussehra. Multiple troupes perform across the city, from professional productions at major venues to neighborhood performances in small courtyards and street corners.

Ramnagar Ramleela, performed across the river from Varanasi proper, is among India’s most famous. Started by the Maharaja of Banaras over 200 years ago, it unfolds over 31 days across multiple locations, with audiences following the action from site to site. The authenticity is remarkable—traditional costumes, classical dialogues in Awadhi (local dialect), and unwavering dedication to ancient staging methods.

Watching Ramleela isn’t passive entertainment—it’s participatory devotion. Audiences see actors not as performers but as temporary embodiments of divine beings. When Rama appears, people bow in reverence. Children watch wide-eyed as good battles evil, learning moral lessons passed down through generations.

Ravan Dahan Ceremony

The Ravan Dahan (burning of Ravana’s effigy) on Vijayadashami night is the festival’s crescendo. Multiple sites across Varanasi conduct their own burnings, but the largest happens at Lanka, a neighborhood whose name deliberately echoes Ravana’s kingdom.

Effigies reach heights of 50-70 feet, constructed over weeks from bamboo, cloth, and paper, filled with fireworks for dramatic effect. The ceremony begins with prayers and speeches about dharma (righteousness) and evil’s inevitable downfall. Local dignitaries or respected community members are honored with lighting the arrows that set Ravana ablaze.

As the first arrow strikes and flames begin climbing the effigy, the crowd erupts. Fireworks explode from within the figure, creating spectacular displays. The symbolism is powerful—no matter how mighty evil appears, righteousness ultimately prevails. As Ravana collapses, families pack closer, children perch on shoulders, and everyone shares the cathartic joy of witnessing good triumph once again.

Diwali – The Festival of Lights

How Varanasi Celebrates Diwali

If Diwali is beautiful across India, in Varanasi it’s transcendent. The five-day festival in October or November transforms the city into a glittering wonderland. Every home, temple, shop, and ghat sparkles with diyas, candles, and electric lights. The Ganges itself seems to glow, reflecting millions of lights from both banks.

Varanasi’s Diwali retains traditional simplicity despite modern influences. Clay diyas (not electric lights) remain the primary illumination, their warm, flickering glow creating an ambiance no LED can replicate. Families spend days preparing—cleaning homes thoroughly, creating intricate rangoli patterns at doorways, and shopping for new clothes and sweets.

The spiritual dimension deepens Diwali here. While most of India celebrates Rama’s return to Ayodhya, Varanasi also honors Kali, the fierce goddess. Lakshmi puja (worship of the wealth goddess) happens in every home, with families praying for prosperity. The combination of Rama, Lakshmi, and Kali worship creates a uniquely Varanasi flavor to the festival.

Ganga Aarti During Diwali

The daily Ganga Aarti at Dashashwamedh Ghat, already spectacular, reaches peak grandeur during Diwali. Thousands converge to witness the ceremony, which features additional priests, more elaborate choreography, and heightened devotional intensity.

On Diwali night specifically, after the evening aarti concludes, people release thousands of floating diyas onto the Ganges—small leaf boats cradling tiny oil lamps. Watching these points of light drift downriver, carrying prayers and wishes, creates moments of profound beauty. The Ganges becomes a river of stars, a moving constellation of hopes and dreams.

Many families perform their own small aarti ceremonies at ghat steps, offering prayers to the river. The ghats fill with people lighting sparklers, children setting off firecrackers (though this is decreasing due to pollution concerns), and families simply sitting together, soaking in the festival atmosphere.

Shopping and Local Markets

Diwali shopping in Varanasi is an experience itself. The famous Vishwanath Gali and Thatheri Bazaar overflow with shoppers buying puja items, diyas, candles, rangoli colors, and decorative items. The city’s sweet shops work overtime, producing mountains of traditional sweets—pedas, barfis, laddoos, and the famous Banarasi langra mango barfi.

Textile markets showcase Varanasi’s legendary Banarasi silk saris, which families traditionally purchase during Diwali. The wedding season follows Diwali, making these purchases both festive and practical. Gold and silver jewelry shops stay open late, as Diwali is considered the most auspicious time for purchasing precious metals.

The markets themselves become attractions—colorfully decorated, crowded with enthusiastic shoppers, filled with the energy of anticipation. Getting caught in these crowds is part of the Diwali experience, a joyful chaos that somehow works perfectly.

Holi – The Festival of Colors

Holi Traditions in Varanasi

Can you think of anything more joyful than people of all ages, backgrounds, and social positions throwing colored powder at each other, dancing in the streets, and celebrating unity? That’s Holi, and Varanasi celebrates it with particular abandon. The spring festival in March breaks down barriers—for one day, everyone is equal under the rainbow of colors.

Varanasi’s Holi extends beyond the main day. Celebrations begin a week prior with Holika Dahan (bonfire lighting), symbolizing the burning of evil. Neighborhoods construct massive pyres, collecting wood donations for weeks. On the evening before Holi, these bonfires light up across the city, with families circling the flames, performing prayers, and seeking blessings.

The main Holi day begins with religious observance—temple visits and prayers—before devolving into glorious, colorful mayhem. Traditional folk songs called Holi geet fill the air, bhang-laced drinks flow (cannabis preparations traditionally consumed during Holi), and the entire city becomes a playground.

Safe Ways to Celebrate

Holi’s exuberance can be overwhelming, especially for first-time visitors. How can you participate safely while enjoying the experience? First, wear old clothes you don’t mind ruining—colors, especially synthetic ones, can permanently stain fabric. White or light colors show the colorful powder beautifully and are traditional choices.

Protect your skin with coconut oil or moisturizer before heading out—this creates a barrier that makes color removal easier later. Bring waterproof protection for phones and cameras, or leave valuable electronics at your accommodation. Wear old shoes or sandals, as they’ll definitely get colored and soaked.

Stay with groups, particularly if you’re female. While most celebrations are joyful and respectful, crowded situations can occasionally enable inappropriate behavior. Celebrate with families or in organized events for the safest experience. Many hotels host private Holi celebrations for guests, offering a controlled environment while still capturing the festival’s spirit.

Use natural, herbal colors (gulal) rather than synthetic chemical powders when possible. These are gentler on skin and easier to wash off. Carry water bottles and stay hydrated, especially if consuming bhang, which can be surprisingly potent.

Best Places to Experience Holi

Where should you celebrate Holi in Varanasi? Assi Ghat hosts a famous morning celebration with traditional folk music, classical singing, and a more cultured approach to color play. Many visitors prefer starting here before venturing into street celebrations.

Neighborhoods like Shivala, Bengali Tola, and areas around Banaras Hindu University host vibrant community celebrations. These offer authentic experiences where you’ll celebrate alongside local families. The narrow lanes of the old city transform into color-drenched passages where spontaneous dance parties erupt.

Many ashrams and spiritual centers organize controlled Holi celebrations featuring kirtans (devotional singing), organic colors, and spiritual activities alongside the color play. The Holi at Kriya Yoga Ashram or International Music Centre Ashram offers these more contemplative celebrations.

For those wanting organized experiences, several hotels and tour companies arrange Holi packages including transportation, traditional lunch, safe color play, and cultural programs. These remove uncertainty while ensuring you experience Holi’s joy.

Nag Nathaiya – Unique to Varanasi

What is Nag Nathaiya?

Have you heard of a festival so local that even many Indians don’t know it exists? Nag Nathaiya, celebrated primarily in Varanasi during July or August (on Nag Panchami), is one such treasure. This festival honors the sacred serpent and Krishna’s legendary subduing of the Kaliya serpent.

The name “Nag Nathaiya” combines “Nag” (serpent) and “Nathaiya” (dancer or the one who subdues). It commemorates young Krishna’s dance on the multi-headed serpent Kaliya’s hoods, subduing the poisonous creature terrorizing the Yamuna River.

In Varanasi, this festival involves creating elaborate serpent images using colored powders, flowers, and grains on floors and walls. These aren’t simple drawings—they’re intricate, large-scale artworks requiring hours of careful work. The serpent motifs are both decorative and devotional, honoring nagas (serpent deities) believed to control water and fertility.

Rituals and Customs

Nag Nathaiya celebrations begin before dawn. Families wake early to clean spaces where they’ll create serpent designs. Women primarily lead this artistic work, mixing colored powders and carefully placing materials to form coiled serpent bodies, raised hoods, and decorative patterns.

After completing the artwork, families perform puja, offering milk, flowers, sweets, and prayers to the serpent image. Milk is particularly significant—snakes are traditionally offered milk in Hindu culture. After prayers, people carefully walk around the serpent image, seeking blessings for health, prosperity, and protection from snake bites (a real concern in rural areas).

Throughout the day, neighbors visit each other’s homes to admire the serpent artwork, much like modern Christmas light tours. There’s friendly competition about whose Nag Nathaiya is most elaborate and beautiful. Elders tell stories of Krishna and Kaliya to children, passing down the tradition.

The festival also involves visiting snake-stone shrines found at many temples and public spaces. These stones, carved with serpent images, receive special worship on Nag Nathaiya. Some devotees even seek out actual snake dens (from a safe distance!) to offer milk and prayers.

Buddha Purnima – Birth of Buddha

Significance in Varanasi

Why does Buddha’s birthday hold special significance in Varanasi? Because just 10 kilometers away lies Sarnath, where Buddha delivered his first sermon after attaining enlightenment. This makes the Varanasi-Sarnath area one of Buddhism’s most sacred sites, and Buddha Purnima (April or May) a major celebration.

Buddha Purnima marks three momentous events—Buddha’s birth, enlightenment, and parinirvana (death)—all believed to have occurred on the same date in different years. For Buddhists worldwide, this is the holiest day, and thousands of pilgrims converge on Sarnath to celebrate at the very place where Buddha set the “Wheel of Dharma” in motion.

The festival transcends Buddhist communities. Varanasi’s pluralistic culture means Hindus, Jains, and others join the celebrations, recognizing Buddha as an avatar of Vishnu or simply honoring a great teacher. The day promotes peace, non-violence, and compassion—values that resonate across boundaries.

Sarnath Celebrations

Sarnath becomes the epicenter of Buddha Purnima festivities. The celebrations begin before dawn with devotees gathering at the Dhamek Stupa, the massive structure marking where Buddha taught. Special prayers, meditation sessions, and chanting ceremonies continue throughout the day.

The Mulagandha Kuti Vihar temple, with its beautiful murals depicting Buddha’s life, hosts elaborate pujas. Monks from various Buddhist countries—Thailand, Japan, Sri Lanka, Tibet—participate in the ceremonies, each adding their cultural traditions. The diversity of Buddhist expression on display is fascinating—different chanting styles, ritual objects, and prayer methods all honoring the same enlightened teacher.

A grand procession carries Buddha statues through Sarnath’s streets, accompanied by music, flowers, and devotees chanting Buddhist prayers. The Archaeological Museum, housing important Buddhist artifacts including the famous Lion Capital (India’s national emblem), sees heavy visitation.

Evening brings the main celebration—lighting of thousands of lamps around the stupas and temples, creating a golden glow visible from Varanasi. Cultural programs feature Buddhist devotional music, dance performances, and talks by respected Buddhist scholars and lamas.

Visitors can participate in meditation sessions led by experienced teachers, receive teachings on Buddha’s philosophy, and simply absorb the peaceful atmosphere. The day emphasizes reflection, kindness, and inner peace—a welcome respite from more boisterous festival celebrations.

Sankranti and Kite Festival

Makar Sankranti in Varanasi

When winter starts loosening its grip and the sun begins its northward journey, North India celebrates Makar Sankranti in January. In Varanasi, this harvest festival carries deep spiritual significance. The day is considered extremely auspicious for holy dips in the Ganges, with beliefs that bathing on Sankranti washes away sins and grants moksha (liberation).

The festival marks the transition of the sun into Capricorn (Makar), signaling the end of winter solstice and beginning of longer days. It’s a time to worship the sun god, express gratitude for harvests, and prepare for spring. Traditional foods dominate the day—til (sesame) sweets, gur (jaggery) preparations, and khichdi (lentil-rice dish) are distributed and consumed.

Varanasi’s ghats fill from pre-dawn with devotees taking holy dips. After bathing, people offer prayers to the sun and donate food, clothes, and money to the needy. Charity is particularly emphasized on Sankranti—giving on this day is believed to earn special merit. Temples conduct special pujas, and the atmosphere buzzes with devotional fervor.

Kite Flying Traditions

But here’s where Sankranti gets really colorful—literally. The festival is synonymous with kite flying, and Varanasi’s skies fill with hundreds of colorful kites dancing in the winter breeze. Rooftops across the city become battle zones as kite flyers engage in “kite fights,” attempting to cut each other’s strings in friendly competition.

The kite flying has ancient roots—worshipping the sun by reaching toward it, celebrating the clear winter skies, and marking seasonal transition. But modern Sankranti kite flying is pure joy. Families spend days preparing—buying kites, spooling string (often glass-coated for competitive edge), and strategizing techniques.

On Sankranti morning, after ritual bathing, people head to rooftops. The sky gradually fills with kites of every color and design. The traditional call of “Kaap!” rings out when someone successfully cuts another’s kite string. Children run through streets collecting fallen kites—a treasure hunt with competitive edge.

Join the action by heading to any residential rooftop (with permission!) or hotels that organize kite-flying events for guests. It’s infectious fun, combining skill, strategy, and playful competition. Even if you’ve never flown a kite, locals eagerly teach beginners, and participating in this age-old tradition creates wonderful memories.

Eid Celebrations in Varanasi

The Harmony of Cultures

In a city predominantly known for Hindu spirituality, how do Muslims celebrate their festivals? With the same fervor and beauty, reflecting Varanasi’s underlying harmony. Eid-ul-Fitr (marking Ramadan’s end) and Eid-ul-Adha (the festival of sacrifice) bring different flavors to the city’s religious landscape.

Varanasi’s Muslim community, concentrated in areas like Madanpura, Alaipur, and neighborhoods around the Gyanvapi Mosque, celebrates Eid with traditional enthusiasm. The day begins with special prayers at mosques and idgahs (open prayer grounds). Men dress in new kurtas and caps, children in fresh outfits, and everyone exchanges greetings of “Eid Mubarak.”

What’s beautiful about Eid in Varanasi is the cross-cultural participation. Hindu neighbors visit Muslim friends, sharing in the feast. Seviyan (vermicelli sweet), biryani, and kebabs prepared in Muslim households are shared across religious lines. The day emphasizes community, charity, and brotherhood—values that transcend religious boundaries.

Where to Experience Eid

Want to witness Eid celebrations? The morning prayers at Gyanvapi Mosque or the large idgah at Chauk are impressive, with thousands gathering in unified prayer. The sight of countless people prostrating in synchronized prayer is powerful, regardless of your own faith.

After prayers, the markets in Muslim neighborhoods come alive. Sweet shops selling traditional Eid seviyan do brisk business. The aroma of biryani and kebabs fills the air as families prepare feasts. Street vendors sell toys and bangles, and children parade their new clothes.

Many Muslim restaurants and eateries offer special Eid meals—an excellent opportunity to taste authentic Mughlai cuisine and traditional Muslim preparations. The meals are generous, reflecting the festival’s emphasis on sharing and hospitality.

If you have Muslim acquaintances in Varanasi, receiving an invitation to their Eid celebration is a special honor. The warmth of Muslim hospitality, the delicious food, and the interfaith sharing embody what makes India’s composite culture beautiful.

Weekly Ganga Aarti – A Daily Festival

Dashashwamedh Ghat Aarti

While not technically a festival, the daily Ganga Aarti at Dashashwamedh Ghat deserves discussion as a must-attend event. Every evening, as dusk settles, this spectacular ceremony unfolds—arguably Varanasi’s most famous ritual and a powerful spiritual experience.

Seven young priests dressed in traditional attire perform synchronized movements with brass lamps, creating mesmerizing patterns of fire against the darkening sky. Massive multi-tiered lamps, each standing several feet tall, are orchestrated in perfect coordination. Bells chime, conch shells sound, and devotional songs echo across the water as thousands watch in rapt attention.

The aarti honors the Ganges, thanking her for sustaining life and seeking her blessings. Fire, fundamental in Hindu rituals, is offered to the river in elaborate choreography developed over years. The scale and precision make this ceremony unique—nothing in India quite matches the Dashashwamedh Ghat aarti’s grandeur.

Assi Ghat Aarti

For those finding Dashashwamedh too crowded or commercialized, the Assi Ghat aarti offers a more intimate alternative. Conducted every morning at sunrise and evening at sunset, this ceremony maintains traditional simplicity while still delivering powerful spiritual impact.

The morning aarti particularly appeals to those seeking peaceful spiritual experiences. At dawn, as the sun rises over the Ganges, a single priest performs aarti facing the emerging light. The atmosphere is meditative—fewer crowds, gentle morning energy, and the natural beauty of sunrise over sacred waters.

Assi Ghat has become a hub for cultural activities, with classical music performances sometimes accompanying evening aartis. The combination of spiritual ritual and artistic expression creates uniquely Varanasi experiences.

Best Time to Attend

When should you attend these aartis? For Dashashwamedh, evening aarti occurs year-round at sunset—roughly 6:00-7:00 PM depending on season. Arrive at least 30-45 minutes early to secure decent viewing positions. Weekends and festival periods see even larger crowds, requiring earlier arrival.

Watching from a boat offers unique advantages—unobstructed views, ability to photograph without crowd interference, and the special feeling of witnessing from the river itself. Book boat rides through your hotel or directly with boat operators at the ghat. Boat viewing costs ₹100-500 per person depending on boat type and negotiation skills.

For Assi Ghat, morning aarti happens at sunrise (time varies seasonally), while evening aarti occurs around sunset. The smaller scale means last-minute attendance is feasible, though arriving 15-20 minutes early ensures comfortable positioning.

Weather considerations matter—monsoons might cancel or modify aartis, and winter fog occasionally delays start times. Check with locals or your hotel about any disruptions.

Classical Music and Dance Festivals

Sankat Mochan Music Festival

For lovers of Indian classical music, the Sankat Mochan Music Festival is pilgrimage and paradise combined. Held annually in February at the Sankat Mochan Hanuman Temple, this festival brings together India’s finest classical musicians for five nights of extraordinary performances.

The festival’s setting is unique—performances happen outdoors at the temple, starting late evening and continuing through the night until dawn. Imagine sitting under the stars, cool February breeze carrying the notes of a perfectly executed raga, the temple’s energy adding spiritual dimension to artistic expression.

Founded by the renowned musician Pandit Chhannulal Mishra, the festival maintains high artistic standards while being completely free and open to all. Legendary maestros of Hindustani classical music—vocalists, sitarists, sarod players, tabla virtuosos—perform across the five nights. The festival’s prestige means artists consider performing here an honor.

What makes it special is the audience. This isn’t a formal concert hall—people sit on the ground (bring a mat or cushion!), some meditate, others listen intently, and many stay the entire night. Tea stalls keep the audience refreshed. The informal setting combined with world-class music creates magic impossible to replicate in ticketed venues.

Other Cultural Events

Beyond Sankat Mochan, Varanasi hosts numerous cultural events throughout the year. Banaras Hindu University organizes regular cultural programs featuring classical dance (Kathak, Bharatanatyam, Odissi) and music performances.

The Bharat Kala Bhavan museum hosts occasional special programs. Various ashrams and cultural centers conduct intimate concerts and performances. The International Music Centre Ashram offers weekly classical music programs in its beautiful setting.

During Ganga Mahotsav (discussed earlier), multiple cultural performances happen across various ghats. The city’s rich artistic heritage means opportunities to experience authentic cultural programs abound—you just need to stay informed about schedules through local listings, hotel staff, or tourism offices.

Planning Your Visit Around Festivals

Best Times to Visit

When should you plan your Varanasi trip to coincide with festivals? The November-March period offers the best combination of pleasant weather and major festivals. November brings Diwali, Dev Deepawali, and Ganga Mahotsav. January features Makar Sankranti. February brings Maha Shivaratri and the Sankat Mochan Festival. March offers Holi.

October sees Dussehra and Navratri celebrations. April or May has Buddha Purnima. Each festival offers distinct experiences—choose based on what resonates with you. Religious seekers might prioritize Maha Shivaratri or Dev Deepawali. Culture enthusiasts might prefer Ganga Mahotsav or the Sankat Mochan Festival. Photography lovers will find Dev Deepawali irresistible.

Remember that major festivals mean higher prices and larger crowds. Book accommodations 2-3 months ahead, particularly for Dev Deepawali and Diwali. Expect 50-200% price increases during peak festivals. The crowds and cost are part of the package—these festivals attract people precisely because they’re extraordinary.

Accommodation Tips

Where should you stay during festivals? Location matters enormously. Staying near the ghats—particularly between Assi and Dashashwamedh—puts you at the festival heart. You can participate easily, return to rest, and not worry about transportation during crowded periods.

Heritage hotels and guesthouses along the ghats book early and cost more but deliver unbeatable convenience and atmosphere. Mid-range hotels in areas like Godowlia or near Banaras Hindu University offer reasonable prices with decent access. Budget guesthouses in lanes behind the ghats provide authentic experiences at low cost.

Some festivals see hotels completely booked. Having backup options or booking through platforms allowing free cancellation provides flexibility. During Dev Deepawali, some locals rent out rooms—these unofficial accommodations can be found through word-of-mouth or local connections.

What to Pack

Festival packing requires thoughtfulness. Comfortable walking shoes are essential—you’ll spend hours on your feet navigating crowds. Traditional modest clothing (covered shoulders and knees) shows respect and helps you blend in, though Varanasi is generally tolerant of tourist attire.

For Dev Deepawali and other evening events, bring warm layers—November and February evenings get chilly, especially near the river. Good cameras or phones for photography are obvious, but also bring portable chargers—you’ll use your devices extensively.

A small flashlight helps navigate dark lanes and ghat steps at night. A cloth or scarf serves multiple purposes—wiping sweat, covering your head at temples, sitting on at ghats, or protecting electronics. Water bottles keep you hydrated during long festival participation.

For Holi, pack clothes and shoes you’re willing to sacrifice to colors. For Maha Shivaratri, if you plan to stay awake all night at temples, warm clothes and cushions for sitting make the experience more comfortable.

Festival Photography Tips

How can you capture Varanasi’s festivals beautifully? First, understand that the best photos often come from being present rather than constantly behind a viewfinder. Dedicate specific time to photography, then put the camera away and experience moments directly.

For Dev Deepawali and evening events, practice shooting in low light beforehand. Use higher ISO settings, slower shutter speeds (tripod or stabilization helpful), and wider apertures. The golden glow of oil lamps photographs beautifully—expose for the highlights to maintain that warm ambiance.

Capture details—closeups of diyas, hands performing rituals, faces of devotees lost in prayer. These intimate shots often communicate more than wide-angle crowd photos. For the Ganga Aarti, arrive early to secure good angles. From boats, you can capture beautiful reflections of fire in the water.

Respect is paramount. Never photograph people mid-prayer without permission. Women in traditional settings may not want photographs—always ask with gestures if language is a barrier. Some temple complexes prohibit photography—respect these rules absolutely.

For Holi, protect your camera! Waterproof covers or housing are essential. Set up shots before things get chaotic, then pack equipment safely away once color throwing intensifies. The candid joy of color-covered faces photographs wonderfully—capture emotion more than perfection.

Cultural Etiquette During Festivals

Participating respectfully in festivals requires cultural awareness. First, dress modestly—both men and women should cover shoulders and knees, particularly at temples and during religious ceremonies. Remove shoes where indicated, usually at temple entrances and sometimes at ghat steps during prayers.

Maintain appropriate behavior at religious sites. Speak softly, avoid public displays of affection, don’t point feet toward deities or sacred objects, and never walk between someone and the object of their worship. If you don’t understand a ritual, observe quietly rather than asking questions during the ceremony—save inquiries for afterward.

For festivals involving prasad (blessed food), accept it with your right hand and consume it (even a small taste). Refusing can seem disrespectful. If you have dietary restrictions, accept graciously but discreetly set it aside rather than making a scene about not being able to eat it.

During Holi, don’t force color on those not participating or who seem reluctant. Respect boundaries, particularly with women. The spirit is joyful inclusion, not aggressive imposition. Similarly, during Maha Shivaratri, don’t mock or photograph intoxicated devotees—bhang consumption is religiously sanctioned, and people are in vulnerable states.

Learn a few Hindi phrases—”Namaste” (hello/goodbye), “Dhanyavaad” (thank you), “Kripaya” (please). Even basic attempts at local language earn goodwill. If invited into someone’s home during Eid or Diwali, removing shoes, accepting hospitality graciously, and expressing genuine appreciation for the inclusion honors your hosts.

Conclusion

Varanasi’s festivals are not events you attend—they’re experiences that transform you. Whether you’re watching millions of lamps illuminate the Ganges during Dev Deepawali, dancing through colored chaos during Holi, or sitting through a dawn-breaking classical music performance, these celebrations reveal something profound about human culture, spirituality, and community.

The city doesn’t just host festivals—it embodies them. Every celebration connects to the sacred geography, the eternal river, and the millions of souls who’ve sought meaning in this place across millennia. When you participate, you’re not a tourist observing exotic customs but a temporary part of living traditions that stretch back to antiquity.

Planning your visit around these festivals requires some effort—booking ahead, managing crowds, navigating logistics—but the rewards dwarf the challenges. These aren’t manufactured tourist experiences but authentic celebrations flowing from genuine faith and cultural pride. That authenticity is increasingly rare in our modern world, making Varanasi’s festivals treasures worth every bit of planning and travel they require.

So pack your bags, book your tickets, and prepare your heart. Varanasi’s festivals await, ready to show you that celebration can be prayer, community can be family, and the divine can be surprisingly, beautifully close.

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